During the Cost Effective Refrigeration workshop, we will discuss the technical, commercial and environmental aspects of refrigeration and heat pumping.
Participants will be expected to bring a scientific calculator to use in sessions and will be given access to some non-proprietary calculation software tools.
Friday 5 September is optional to attend.
Workshop programme
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8.45am to 9.00am - Workshop registration
In person -
9.00am to 9.30am - Introductions
In person -
9.30am to 11.00am - Session 1
In person- Specifications; Examination of the purpose of specifications in the contractor/customer relationship.
- Preparation and interpretation of specifications.
- Technical detail for customers, consultants and contractors.
- Case studies. -
11.15am to 12.30pm - Session 2
In person- Refrigeration basics.
- Review of basic refrigeration cycles.
- Introduction to system analysis tools and refrigeration jargon.
- Introduction to psychrometrics. -
1.00pm to 3.30pm - Session 3
In personThe CFC issue and global warming - implications for refrigeration.
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4.00pm to 5.00pm - Session 4
In person- Heat load calculations.
- Techniques for estimation of loads and identification of excessive heat loads.
- Methods for load reduction.
- Hand calculations and computer analysis. -
5.15pm to 8.00pm - Introductory social
In person
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8.30am to 10.00am - Session 5
In personHeat load calculations continued.
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10.30am to 12.30pm - Session 6
In personHeat load calculations continued.
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1.00pm to 3.00pm - Session 7
In person- Air cooling systems (evaporators) and defrost systems.
- Discussion and quantitative techniques for ensuring that maximum efficiency is obtained. -
3.30pm to 5.00pm - Session 8
In person- Water vapour and refrigeration.
- Vapour barriers, condensation on cold surfaces, humidity control.
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8.30am to 10.00am - Session 9
In person- Estimation of chilling times and means for predicting the effect of changing conditions on chiller performance.
- Hand calculations and computer analysis. -
10.30am to 12.30pm - Session 10
In person- Estimation of freezing times and means for predicting the effect of changing conditions on freezer performance.
- Cryogenics.
- Hand calculations and computer analysis.
- A “hands-on” session for participants to use the techniques on a typical industrial problem. -
1.00pm to 2.30pm - Session 11
In person- Product weight loss.
- Theory and practical techniques to minimise product shrinkage in refrigerated facilities. -
3.00pm to 5.00pm - Session 12
In person- Refrigeration plant design and energy efficiency calculations.
- Review basic techniques and analyse simple single-stage cycles. -
6.00pm to 10.00pm - Workshop dinner
In person
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8.30am to 10.30am - Session 13
In person- Refrigeration plant design and energy efficiency calculations.
- More complex plant arrangements, and plant variations to save energy. -
11.00am to 12.30pm - Session 14
In person- Heat pump cycle designs and energy efficiency calculations for process heating.
- Matching heat pumps to process requirements.
- High temperature heat pumps. -
1.00pm to 2.00pm - Session 15
In person- Absorption refrigeration.
- Principles of operation, system types and layouts, performance characteristics and efficiency, applications and economics. -
2.00pm to 3.00pm - Session 16
In person- Operational aspects of refrigeration plant performance
- Performance of evaporators, condensers and compressor and effect of pipeline pressure drop. -
3.30pm to 5.00pm - Session 17
In person- Operational aspects of refrigeration plant performance.
- Measurement of performance, trouble-shooting guidelines, effects of operational practices on energy efficiency.
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8.30am to 10.00am - Session 18
In person- Introduction to and use of spreadsheet calculation tools
- Prediction of application heat loads and prediction of freezing and chilling times. -
10.30am to 12.00pm - Session 19
In person- Introduction to and use of spreadsheet calculation tools
- Use of CoolProps to get refrigerant and psychrometric properties and to analysis simple cycles. -
1.00pm to 2.30pm - Session 20
In personIntroduction to and use of spreadsheet calculation tools – analysis of complex cycles and heat pumps.
The material covered has been selected to be relevant to designers and suppliers of heavy and light industrial refrigeration equipment, commercial equipment suppliers and contractors, industrial and commercial refrigeration owners and operators, and consultants.
The Cost Effective Refrigeration workshop themes
- Refrigeration and psychrometric basics. The vapour compression cycle and use of Mollier diagrams to understand, design, analyse and troubleshoot refrigeration systems. Introduction to jargon and system analysis tools. The psychrometric chart and its use for understanding air properties and humidity.
- The customer/contractor interface when new equipment is being purchased, or old plant being modified. The technical specification as the basis of expenditure of capital including common faults within specifications leading to unsatisfactory contracts, tendering and contract management.
- Heat load determination. Calculations for plant sizing and design. Monitoring and control of heat loads to ensure they are minimised, thus controlling refrigeration and energy costs.
- Chilling and freezing calculations. Simple methods for prediction of chilling and freezing times, prediction of the effect of making changes on freezer or chiller performance. Methods for estimating thermal property and the effect of product voidage or air spaces in packaged products.
- Refrigeration plant layout and design. Selection of compressors, use of liquid subcooling, multi-stage compression, cascade systems, flooded and pump circulation as well as direct expansion systems, types of control systems, modes of operation for maximum energy efficiency, refrigerant piping design rationale etc. Evaporator and condenser selection. The impact of new refrigerants, use of cryogenic refrigeration and the use of speed controllers. Heat recovery and heat pumping opportunities.
- Absorption refrigeration. Principles of operation, types of system, performance characteristics, guidelines for application and economics.
- Operational efficiency of refrigeration systems. Performance of evaporators, condensers, compressors, control systems etc in practice. Impact on energy efficiency of making changes to designs, operations and controls. Effect of pipeline pressure drop on performance and efficiency.
- Water vapour and its effect on refrigeration system performance. Control of relative humidity, vapour barriers, control of condensation in refrigerated rooms, evaporator frosting and defrosting etc.
- Heat pumping for process heating. Process heating using heat pumps including refrigerant and cycle design and selection, matching of heat pump cycles with process requirements, and development of high-temperature heat pumps.
- Environmental issues - global warming, ozone depletion and safety. Policy, legislation and regulations now and future, and the impacts on the refrigeration and food industries including choice of refrigerants.